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Uq0dksGE/VH7bAnbRYAI/AAAAAAAABzs/oeVNAMZzd5I/s1600/26.gif' alt='Rosetta Stone Russian Crack Mac Software' title='Rosetta Stone Russian Crack Mac Software' />Russian Trolls Spent 1.Facebook Ads Around the Election.Facebook announced today that it sold 1.Russian accounts between June 2.May 2.The ads often mentioned particular political issues, like LGBT rights or gun control, but rarely mentioned a specific political candidate or the US presidential election.One question that has emerged is whether theres a connection between the Russian efforts and ads purchased on Facebook, Alex Stamos, the companys chief security officer, said in a statement.These are serious claims and weve been reviewing a range of activity on our platform to help understand what happened.Facebook says the ad buys came from 4.Russia.The social network shut down the accounts and pages that remained active for violating its policies.Since the election, Facebook has been reviewing its role in spreading disinformation.In April, it published a comprehensive review of coordinated disinformation campaigns on its platform, noting that such campaigns often focused on spreading confusing or promoting specific causes.Facebook doesnt say why it reviewed ad purchases in particular, but it sounds like the review may have stemmed from its broader investigation into disinformation campaigns.Representatives from the company explained the findings to congressional investigators today and noted that the accounts associated with the ad buys could be traced to a Russian troll farm, The Washington Post reported.Only a quarter of the ads were targeted geographically, and most of those ads ran in 2.Facebook said.The ads focused on amplifying divisive social and political messages across the ideological spectrum and used techniques Facebook previously identified as those used by disinformation campaigns, Stamos said.American government agencies are now banned from using software created by the Russian cybersecurity firm Kaspersky Lab and will have to begin removing Kaspersky.Facebook announced today that it sold 100,000 worth of ads to a sketchy network of fake Russian accounts between June 2015 to May 2017, a period spanning the 2016.Facebook conducted a broad review of ads on its platform, looking for ad buys that might have even a loose connection to Russia.This was a broad search, including, for instance, ads bought from accounts with US IP addresses but with the language set to Russian even though they didnt necessarily violate any policy or law, Stamos said.This broader review uncovered 5.Gizmodo contacted Facebook for more information about the ad buys and will update if we hear back.Rosetta Stone Russian Crack Mac Software' title='Rosetta Stone Russian Crack Mac Software' />Tabtight professional, free when you need it, VPN service.Microsoft Excel Insert Picture In Cell here. 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Hazwoper Software' title='40 Hr.Hazwoper Software' />How Do Sodium Iodide Scintillation Detectors Work Dear Dr.Zoomie your last posting discussed how gas filled detectors work, but Ive got a different type.I think its called a sodium iodide detector.Can you tell me how this works and when I should use it Thanks Youve got one of my favorite detectors and yes, I know that this raises me way up on Geek sale There are two fundamental families of detectors the gas filled detectors I wrote about the last time, and the scintillation detectors, of which the sodium iodide abbreviated Na.Issuu is a digital publishing platform that makes it simple to publish magazines, catalogs, newspapers, books, and more online.Easily share your publications and get.Insider info on Alaska North Slope Jobs whos hiring, what theyre hiring for, contact information, plus the latest workrelated gossip from the slope.Get the answers to your questions about our online interactive training courses, including enrollment questions and technical requirements.This is a one day PYA Approved Course as part of the G.U. E. S. T. Training Program.The prerequisite for the course is the Introductory Wine Cocktail Bartending I.I is one. The vast majority of radiation detectors out there and virtually every detector used in general situations fall into one of these two families.So since I wrote about the gas filled detectors last time, this is a good chance to write about the other major family.Heres how the scintillation type detectors work.First, an important point.Most scintillation detectors are only sensitive to one type of radiation.So Na. I detectors will pick up gamma radiation, but not alpha or beta, zinc sulfide Zn.S will only pick up alpha radiation, and so forth.In actuality, there might be some sensitivity to other radiations Na.I, for example, will sometimes pick up high energy betas but you should only use a detector for the type of radiation its designed to pick up.Now, with that out of the way, on to how the things workThe basic principle is the same for every scintillation type detector when radiation strikes the scintillator it causes it to give off photons of visible light thats the scintillation part.These photons pass through the crystal and they strike a thin metal foil called a photocathode when this happens the light enters the second part of the detector, called a photo multiplier tube PMT.When the photon hits the photocathode it causes an electron to be ejected from the photocathode.Just past the photocathode there is a set of metal cups, each with a voltage applied to it typically several hundred to a thousand volts the electron is accelerated by this voltage to a high energy and it strikes the cup with enough energy that it knocks loose a number of other electrons.Each of them, in turn, is accelerated towards the next metal cup, where each of the new electrons knocks loose a number of additional ones by the end of the PMT the initial signal has been multiplied by a factor of a million or so.From there, its up to the instrument manufacturer to figure out how theyre going to use the light thats emitted.As one example, every time a gamma hits the crystal it starts this whole process that culminates in a pulse of electrons arriving at the far end of the detector.The simplest way to deal with this is to simply count the pulses of electrons as they arrive at a counting circuit this is a great way to measure contamination which we normally record in terms of counts per minute or counts per second.We can also use this mode to measure radiation dose rates, but only by assuming that every count carries with it a specific amount of energy.If you remember the posting on gas filled detectors, this is the same way that Geiger counters work and its one of the reasons that Geiger counters arent always accurate for measuring radiation dose rates.Well get back to that in a moment.Oh one other thing to be careful about with an Na.I detector is that the larger crystals say, 2x.So if youre working outside on a blazing hot or bitingly cold day, you probably want to leave the crystal outside, rather than bring it into a much colder or warmer office a few times a day.Something else that we can use Na.I detectors for is identifying specific radionuclides by measuring the energy of each individual gamma that enters the crystal this process is called gamma spectroscopy, or can also be called multi channel analysis and the instrument set up for this purpose is called a gamma spectroscopy device, or a multi channel analyzer abbreviated MCA.The basic principle behind gamma spectroscopy is that every gamma emitting radionuclide emits a gamma ray or a few gammas with very specific energies like a fingerprint and if we can identify the gamma energies precisely enough then we can identify the radionuclides present.For example, cesium 1.Cs 1. 37 gives off a gamma with an energy of 6.V if we analyze a gamma ray spectrum and find a peak with an energy of 6.V then we know that Cs 1.Along the same lines, seeing twin gamma peaks at about 1.Me. V tells us that weve found cobalt 6.Co 6. 0. The problem is in figuring out how much energy is in each gamma photon luckily we can do this with a scintillation detector.When a gamma ray interacts with the Na.I crystal it deposits energy this energy is what causes the photons to be given off.Not only that, but a predictable number of photons are emitted depending on the energy deposited in a sodium iodide crystal, depositing 1 Me.V of energy will cause about 4.We know the number of photons that it takes to eject a single electron from the photocathode, and we know the amount of amplification and the size of the electrical pulse for each electron ejected.So if we can measure the size of the output pulse then we know how much energy was deposited in the crystal and we can know what radionuclide emitted the gamma that we just detected.So these are two uses of Na.I detectors measuring contamination levels in counts per minute or counts per second and identifying radionuclides by measuring gamma energies now for a third, measuring radiation dose rate.Radiation dose rate is a measure of the amount of energy deposited in an object.Youd think that this would be fairly simple with an Na.I detector since the number of electrons coming out of the detector is proportional to the energy deposited in the crystal.But thats not how most manufacturers handle things most of the time they simply count the pulse rate and, as with a Geiger counter, assume that they are all coming from Cs 1.So, for example, the manufacturer might determine that 1.Rhr. This means that Na.I detectors set up to measure dose rate this way have the same limitations as a Geiger counter unless you are measuring exactly what they were calibrated with the dose rates you measure are going to be wrong.Thus, if youre using a scintillation detector to measure radiation dose rate you need to make sure that either youre measuring the same nuclide to which it was calibrated or you need to have a set of correction factors that will let you convert the meter reading to the correct dose rate assuming that you know the nuclide thats actually present.This graphic, which is for a sodium iodide scintillation detector, show that the meter will show only half the actual dose rate if the radiation is from a Co 6.Am 2. 41 in, say, a box of smoke detectors. Satellite Tv For Pc 2011 Works On Win7 Wallpaper . OK so that covers how the Na.I detector works and what it can be used for again, to measure gamma contamination, for nuclide identification, or with caveats to measure radiation dose rate.Now a little on other types of scintillators.Zinc sulfide Zn. S is used to measure alpha contamination.The Zn. S crystals are razor thin only about as thick as a single human hair give or take a little.But since alpha particles cant penetrate very far into any materials the crystals dont need to be any thicker than this.For a number of reasons we dont worry about dose rate from alpha radiation, so the only thing we need to measure is count rate a fairly simple matter of counting pulses.The biggest problem with Zn.S detectors is that they can be fragile remember how thin the crystals are.It can also take a long time to do a proper alpha contamination survey since alphas are so easily shielded and have such a short range in air.But for alpha counting, Zn.S is about as good as it gets, in spite of its limitations.Finally, there are also beta scintillators.Liquid scintillation counting is normally performed in the laboratory using fairly expensive and large machines chances are that you wont have to use one of these unless you work in a laboratory.There are also beta scintillation crystals that you use the same way you use an Na.I detector these tend to be made of plastic called organic scintillators.While not as fragile as Zn. 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Sarah Palin email hack Wikipedia.The Sarah Palin email hack occurred on September 1.United States presidential election campaign when the Yahoo Sarah Palin was subjected to unauthorized access.The hacker, David Kernell, had obtained access to Palins account by looking up biographical details such as her high school and birthdate and using Yahoos account recovery for forgotten passwords.Kernell then posted several pages of Palins email on 4chans b board.Kernell, who at the time of the offense was a 2.Democraticstate representative.Mike Kernell of Memphis.He was charged in October 2.After he was led into the court in leg irons and handcuffs, the judge released him on his own recognizance, pending trial.The incident was ultimately prosecuted in a U.The reason most people fail to discover the support for other email services in the native Mail app is that you cannot add another account until you link.S. federal court as four felony crimes punishable by up to 5.The charges were three felonies identity theft, wire fraud, and anticipatory obstruction of justice and one optional as felony or misdemeanor intentionally accessing an account without authorization.Kernell pleaded not guilty to all counts.A jury trial, featuring the testimony of Sarah Palin and Bristol Palin, as well as 4chan founder Christopher Poole,5 began on April 2.On April 3. 0, 2.Kernell guilty on two counts the felony of anticipatory obstruction of justice and the misdemeanor of unauthorized access to a computer.Sarah Palin posted a note on her Facebook page stating that she and her family were thankful the jury had rendered a just verdict in her opinion.Kernell was sentenced on November 1.The sentencing judge recommended that the custody be served in a halfway house,9 but the Federal Bureau of Prisons sent him instead to a minimum security prison.In January 2. 01.Download Yahoo Mail Hack Tools' title='Download Yahoo Mail Hack Tools' />Working with headphones on usually means youd rather not be bothered, but sometimes it means youre just listening to something while you work.If you want to be.United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit found Kernells awareness of a possible future FBI investigation was enough to uphold a conviction on obstruction of justice.IncidenteditShortly after midnight on September 1.Yahoo Mail account of Sarah Palin was cracked by a 4chan user.The hacker, known as Rubico, claimed he had read Palins personal e mails because he was looking for something that would derail her campaign.After reading through Palins emails, Rubico wrote, There was nothing there, nothing incriminating all I saw was personal stuff, some clerical stuff from when she was governor.Rubico wrote that he used the Sarah Palin Wikipedia article to find Palins birth date one of the standard security questions used by Yahoo1.The hacker posted the accounts password on b, an image board on 4chan, and screenshots from within the account to Wiki.Leaks. 1. 5 A b user then logged in and changed the password, posting a screenshot of his sending an email to a friend of Palins informing her of the new password on the b thread.This man was criticized heavily by the b community, for being a white knight.However, he did not blank out the password in the screenshot.A multitude of b users then attempted to log in with the new password, and the account was automatically locked out by Yahoo The incident was criticized by some b users, one of whom complained that seriously, b.We could have changed history and failed, epically.The hacker admitted he was worried about being caught, writing Yes I was behind a proxy, only one, if this sht ever got to the FBI I was fked, I panicked, I still wanted the stuff out there.I posted the information.The hacker left behind traces of his activity.His IP address was logged at the proxy he used, CTunnel.Furthermore, the attacker revealed the original web address used by the proxy1.However, with the great interest surrounding the posts of Rubico, many, including wired.The email address left behind was then connected to David Kernell through various social networking profiles where it was used,1.Campaign responseeditJohn Mc.Cains campaign condemned the incident, saying it was a shocking invasion of the governors privacy and a violation of law.Barack Obamas spokesman Bill Burton called the hacking outrageous.Federal investigationeditThe FBI and Secret Service began investigating the incident and on September 2.David Kernell, a 2.University of Tennessee and the son of Democratic.Tennessee State Representative.Mike Kernell from Memphis.The handle used by the hacker when making his post at 4chan pointed to him, although this evidence was inconclusive because of the frequent pranks pulled at that board.The hackers proxy service provided its logs, which pointed to Kernells residence.FBI agents served a federal search warrant at David Kernells apartment in Knoxville.Agents spent two hours taking pictures of everything inside his apartment.Kernells three roommates were also subpoenaed and expected to testify the following week in Chattanooga.The obstruction of justice charge stems from an allegation by the FBI that Kernell attempted to erase evidence of the crime from his hard drive.Kernells father told Wired that he was aware that his son was a suspect, but he did not ask him anything about it over concerns that he may have to testify in court.IndictmenteditA second federal grand jury in Knoxville returned an indictment of Kernell on October 7, 2.He was charged with violating 1.U. S. C. 1. 03.C and 2. 70. 1, or unlawful access to stored communications and intentionally accessing a computer without authorization across state lines, respectively.Kernell turned himself in the next day.Kernell pleaded not guilty.The court released Kernell on his own recognizance.Kernells attorney claimed that using an e mail address and a birth date does not constitute identity theft however, the court rejected that argument saying once Governor Palin chose the Yahoo ID gov.Trial verdicteditOn April 3.David Kernell was found guilty on two of four counts the felony of anticipatory obstruction of justice by destruction of records and a misdemeanor of unauthorized access to a computer.The jury acquitted him of the charge of wire fraud and was deadlocked on the charge of identity theft.In response, Palin issued a press release comparing the case to Watergate.Prosecutors promised a retrial on the identity theft charge if Kernell was successful in his attempt at receiving a new trial.In November 2. 01.The judge recommended that the sentence be served in a halfway house rather than in a federal prison.However, the Federal Bureau of Prisons, which makes the ultimate determination as to where federal prisoners serve their sentence, assigned Kernell to the minimum security prison at the Federal Correctional Institution, Ashland near Ashland, Kentucky.Jose Santana, the chief of the BOP, said that halfway houses are for convicts who have limited skills andor limited support from their families.Because Kernell had the support of his family and had attended a university for three years, Santana argued that he does not need to be in a halfway house.Kernell was later relocated to a halfway house.See alsoeditReferenceseditLakin, Matt October 8, 2.UT student David Kernell pleads not guilty in Palin e mail hacking.Knoxville News Sentinel.Retrieved September 1.Michele Masterson September 1.Memphis Democrat Rep.Confirms Son Is Subject Of Speculation In Connection With Palin Hack.CRN. com. Retrieved September 1.AP staff reporter April 7, 2.Palin set to take stand in Tenn.FOX News. Associated Press.Retrieved September 1.Johnson, Bobbie May 2.Sarah Palin vs the hacker.The Sunday Telegraph UK.London. Retrieved August 7, 2.Court testimony by 4chans founder and former administrator mootPDF.Poovy, Bill May 1, 2.Man convicted of Palin email hacking.The Sydney Morning Herald.Associated Press.Balloch, Jim April 3.Jury convicts Palin e mail intruder on two counts mistrial declared on ID theft.Knoxville News Sentinel.Palin, Sarah April 3.The Hacker Case Verdict.Facebook. abcd.Mungin, Lateef November 1.Prison or halfway house for Palin e mail hacker.CNN. Retrieved November 1.Inmate locator, David C Kernell.Federal Bureau of Prisons.Retrieved February 1.Release date, actual or projected 1.Official explains placing David Kernell at Ky.Knoxville News Sentinel.January 2. 8, 2. 01.Retrieved January 2.Baynes, Terry January 3.Sarah Palin email hacker loses appeal.Reuters. 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